News at Bodmin of an imminent Irish invasion further damaged the Royalist cause locally and Fairfax offered Hopton terms. Henry Grey, Lord Stamford commanded the Parliamentary army. On December 13, the Royalists began a heavy bombardment of the northern defences of Plymouth but with little effect. The mechanism of the ‘posse comitatus’ was used by both sides in different parts of the kingdom during the English Civil War. In the absence of the Earl of Stamford, who was suffering from gout, the Parliamentarian army of 3,500 foot and five troops of horse was commanded by Major-General James Chudleigh. 1600, d. 1659)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004), Holmes, R, Civil War Battles in Cornwall 1642 – 1646 (1989), Morgan, E, Bevil Grenville of Stowe (1969), Stucley, J, Sir Bevil Grenville and His Times (1983), Dudley Stamp, B and R Bere, The Book of Bude and Stratton (1980). The explosion of a powder wagon discouraged the Royalists from further pursuit while the Parliamentariansretreated into Devon. Before the battle Sir George Chudleigh was sent with most of the Parliamentary horse and dragoons to the Cornish county town of Bodmin, leaving Lord Stamford with the foot, guns and a small force of horse. http://bcw-project.org/military/english-civil-war/west-country/cornwall-devon-1643 Gardiner, History of the Great Civil War vol. The Royalist column on the right, led by Sir Ralph Hopton and Lord Mohun, would attack the south face of Stamford Hill. Authorized users may be able to access the full text articles at this site. The Battle of Stratton (The Battlefields Resource Centre). The Royalist army was also reorganised with Prince Charles becoming the Commander-in-Chief. The Marquis of Hertford sailed from Minehead on 25 September 1642, leaving Sir Ralph Hopton to command the small force of Royalist cavalry left behind. Sir Richard Buller, Sir Alexander Carew and other Parliamentarian leaders in Cornwall gathered at Launceston and attempted to arraign Hopton at Truro Assizes for bringing armed forces into the county. Although Cornwall’s Royalists had surrendered, risings took place at Penzance and Gear, near Helston, in 1648. The previous battle in the English Civil War is the Battle of Seacroft Moor The next battle in the English Civil War is the Battle of Wakefield To the English Civil War index. Although outnumbered, the Royalists won and forced the Parliamentarians over the border into Devon. On that very same day, however, King Charles, arrived in Exeter intent upon hunting down and destroying Essex’s force. The Earl of Stamford's Parliamentarian force was repelled by Hopton's men after day-long fighting, with 300 men killed and 1700 captured, and retreated to Bideford. Disagreements between King Charles I and Parliament led to the outbreak of the Civil War. Brothers Sir Francis and Sir Arthur Basset did not surrender St Michael’s Mount to the Parliamentarians until April 1646. On 22 January, Hopton's main force stormed Saltash, recapturing the town and driving Colonel Ruthven back into Plymouth. Complaining of desertion, cowardice and refusal to obey orders among his men, Bedford abandoned the siege of Sherborne on 6 September and marched away towards Yeovil. Soon after Lord Hertford's arrival at Wells, news reached him of an intended meeting of local Parliamentarian leaders at Shepton Mallet. Sir John attacked Parliamentarian and Dutch ships that sailed close to the islands. The Parliamentarian musketeers fired off a single ragged volley against the advancing Royalists then Ruthven's whole army turned and fled. With the Earl of Bedford's forces marching in pursuit, Hertford decided to take his infantry and artillery to Wales, leaving his small force of 160 cavalry and dragoons in England. Musketeer of the English Civil War: Battle of Stratton on 16th May 1643. Most Cornish people supported King Charles, but sometimes members of the same family supported different sides. It is said that Mr Kendall killed 10 Parliamentary troopers before being overwhelmed. The victories for Hopton with five 'Old Cornish' regiments provided the impetus for campaigns in Devon and Somerset. This was one of the last castles held for King Charles to surrender during the Civil War. Prince Charles, the war being mainly in the eastern counties, spent a great part of the autumn and winter in Cornwall, principally at Launceston and Truro. Size of the armies at the Battle of Stratton: The Royalist army comprised 2,400 foot, 500 horse and dragoons and some 8 guns. JSTOR®, the JSTOR logo, JPASS®, Artstor®, Reveal Digital™ and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA. The Duchy of Cornwall and Cornwall’s Stannary Parliament were strongly connected with the royal family. Sheriff Fortescue was taken prisoner; Hopton and his officers narrowly escaped the raid. By 1648, the Royalist army had control and Sir John Grenville (the son of Sir Bevil Grenville) was put in charge. Text updated: 11 October 2009, Civil war in the south-west, August-September 1642, Civil war in Cornwall & Devon, September-December 1642. On 5 August 1642, Colonel Strode, Sir Alexander Popham, Sir John Horner and other gentry of Somerset gathered all available Parliamentarian forces and advanced to occupy a commanding position in the Mendip Hills above Wells, where the Marquis of Hertford had set up his headquarters. The Royalist governor of Saltash, Sir William Courtney, sent an urgent request for reinforcements. Sir Ralph Hopton resolved to deliver his attack on the Parliamentary positions at the top of Stamford Hill by way of four simultaneous assaults widely spaced along the face of the hill. The English Civil Wars (1642-1651) stemmed from conflict between Charles I and Parliament over an Irish insurrection. Once back in Cornwall, however, Hopton's troops rallied to him, and the Parliamentarians were halted by a successful rearguard action at Bridestowe. In fact, during the Civil War, the Parliamentarian army set fire to the Duchy Palace and burnt the records of the Duchy of Cornwall and the Cornish Stannary Parliament. The Royalists were not equipped to mount a full-scale siege of Plymouth so blockaded the city and attacked outlying garrisons. During the night, the Parliamentarians had lined hedges at the base of the hill with musketeers and a firefight ensued. Britain and Ireland. A.H. Burne & P. Young, The Great Civil War, a military history (London 1959), C.E.H. The Cornish Royalist army moved from Stratton to Torrington in north Devon. The city of Exeter surrendered to the Cornish Royalist army. In October 1642, Cornwall was secured for the king when some 10,000 men rose under the command of the local Royalist gentry and drove out the small force of Cornish Parliamentarians who had gathered at Launceston. September, and November each year, and with 288 pages in each issue, subscribers The resulting battle began at 07:00 hours and continued for eleven hours as Essex tried to disengage and move south while King Charles continued his pursuit. Most of Cornwall’s leading families supported King Charles. Many Cornish troops left Taunton to go back home. Hertford intended to set up his headquarters at Bristol, but abandoned the plan in view of the strength of Parliamentarian support in the city. Parliamentarian soldiers also vandalised Madron’s holy well and some Cornish churches. Hopton's army was in disarray but he refused to surrender. At the head of the Greycoats, Chudleigh covered the withdrawal, personally harnessing the teams of oxen to save his artillery. The same pattern was repeated with the other Royalist columns, attacking in strength at particular points along the strung out Parliamentary line. With night approaching the Royalist army conducted the customary council of war and decided to attack the Parliamentary position before Sir George Chudleigh’s horse returned from Bodmin and attacked them in the rear. Check out using a credit card or bank account with. Plymouth supported the Parliamentarians but Sir Richard’s Cornish troops tried to make its people surrender. The guns fired a salvo as Grenville led the Cornish infantry down the slope then uphill against the Parliamentarian line. He advanced to Stratton and took up a strong defensive position on a hill now known as Stamford Hill to the north of the town. Chudleigh was taken prisoner and the Parliamentarians began to give way. The Royalists once again had to fight uphill to attack the Parliamentarians. His religious changes also angered people in Scotland. At this point the Royalist stopped the attack for the day while the Parliamentarians hunkered down beaten and exhausted. Chudleigh's son, Major-General James Chudleigh who was taken prisoner at Stratton, defected to the Royalists. The great houses and grounds of some of the officers of the Cornish Royalist army are open to the public, including: Godolphin – the home of Colonel Sidney Godolphin, Trerice – the home of Colonel William Arundell, Mount Edgcumbe and Cotehele – the homes of Colonel Piers Edgcumbe, Caerhays – the home of Sir Charles Trevanion, St Michael’s Mount – the home of Sir Francis Basset. Finally, between three and four o'clock in the afternoon, the Royalist flanking columns reached the top of the hill. Hopton retaliated by issuing bills of indictment against Buller, Carew and the rest of the Cornish committee for unlawful assembly at Launceston and for causing riots and misdemeanours against the King's subjects.

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