Thus, Pelagius needed to be elected by his Visigothic nobles before becoming king of Asturias, and so did Pepin the Short by Frankish nobles in order to become the first Carolingian king. Argentina had an electoral college established by its original 1853 Constitution, which was used to elect its president. However, there were some instances where the president lost the popular vote and won the electoral college. The list of the electors, or the slate of electors, within a state usually doesn’t appear on the election ballot. The concept of choosing electors was laid out in the Constitution, which mandates that the number of delegates each state receives is equal to the number of its Congressional representatives (Washington, D.C., receives the same number of electors as the least populous state). The candidate with the majority of the votes is sworn in as president on January 20th. Â, The electoral college is a concept created by the framers of the Constitution at the Philadelphia convention in 1787. The group of electors in a district elected the deputy for the Prussian House of Representatives. Within China, both Macau[13] and Hong Kong each have an Election Committee which functions as an electoral college for selecting the Chief Executive and formerly (in the case of Hong Kong) for selecting some of the seats of the Legislative Council. Let’s review how it works. The Electoral College system also distinguishes the United States from other systems where the highest vote-getter automatically wins. In the 19th century and beyond, it was usual in many countries that voters did not directly vote the members of parliament. Surprisingly, there is no constitutional provision prohibiting electors from being faithless electors. Absolutely. In the majority of the presidential elections, the electoral college and the popular votes have been in alignment. The electoral college was replaced after the 1962 referendum, with direct elections by popular vote, using a Two-round system since 1965. The framers of the Constitution believed state-appointed delegates were necessary to represent the best interests of a largely uneducated, rural American population. If that happens, the president will be chosen by a simple majority in the House of Representatives as outlined under the 12th amendment.Â. An electoral college is a set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to particular offices. Regardless of how much (or how little) representative weight your vote may seem to carry in the Electoral College, elections can be determined by just a handful of votes in any state, big or small. Name During Brazil's military rule period, the president was elected by an electoral college comprising senators, deputies, state deputies, and lawmakers in the cities. Discrepancies like these seem to be in direct opposition to the concept of "one person, one vote," in which every American's vote is expected to carry the same weight. Now, with more than 200 million diverse voters spread from coast to coast, concentrated in urban areas, and more educated than ever, it seems counterproductive to still be using the same system after more than two centuries of intense nationwide change. In the end, the presidential candidate needs at least 270 electoral votes to become the president elect.Â. Because of how delegates are allotted, each of Iowa's six Electoral College votes represents about 525,000 Iowans, while California, the most populous state in the country, sees 718,000 Californians represented by each of its 55 Electoral College votes. Such indirect suffrage was a means to steer the voting, to make sure that the electors were "able" persons. The elections of March 1973 and September 1973 used direct elections by popular vote and a not used two-round system according to the Temporary Fundamental Statute enacted by the military junta in 1972. The total number of Electoral College members equals the number of people in Congress and three additional electors from the District of Columbia. [5], State laws requiring electors to vote as directed are the subject of ongoing legal controversy. It's the responsibility of the state legislature to select electors. In Washington, for instance, there is a $1000 fine for being a faithless elector.Â, In the July 2020 decision, Chiafalo v. Washington, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously held that laws like Washingon State's do not violate the Constitution, and went so far as to say requiring electors to vote alongside the popular vote "accords with the Constitution. Q&AZ is supported in part by Sierra Nevada Brewing CompanyThe 2020 presidential election is coming in November and the Electoral College plays an important role in the process. Key Question for the Presidential Candidates: Would They Support Replacing the Electoral College with a National Popular Vote System? An electoral college is a set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to particular offices. [15], Ecclesiastical electoral colleges abound in modern times, especially among Protestant and Eastern Rite Catholic Churches. Your vote could be the one that clinches a win for your candidate in your district, and your district could then act as a tipping point to clinch that win across the state, therefore prompting your state's electors to cast their votes for that candidate on the formal Electoral College ballot in December. During the American Civil War, the Confederacy used an Electoral College that was functionally identical to that of the United States; it convened just once, in 1861, to elect Jefferson Davis as president. Through our Q&AZ project, a listener asked: How electors are chosen in … Take, for example, the case of a swing state like Iowa, which ranks in the bottom half of the most populous U.S. states, yet has played a decidedly outsize role in determining the winners of most recent presidential elections. The electoral college was replaced with a two-round system direct election in 1989, after the restoration of democracy. In Guernsey, an electoral college called the States of Election chooses the island's jurats. Visit our professional site », By FindLaw Staff | [16] The constitution was amended in 1949 and the electoral college was replaced with direct elections by popular vote used in the elections of 1951. Typically, political parties in each state nominate electors based on their consistency and loyalty to the party over the years, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. Each state has a number of electors equal to its Congressional representation (in both houses), with the non-state District of Columbia receiving the number it would have if it were a state, but in no case more than that of the least populous state. While most other Germanic nations had developed a strictly hereditary system by the end of the first millennium, the Holy Roman Empire did not, and the King of the Romans, who would become, by papal coronation, Holy Roman Emperor or at least Emperor-elect, was elected by the college of prince-electors from the late Middle Ages until 1806 (the last election took place in 1792). The constitution was amended in 1994 and the electoral college was replaced with direct elections by popular vote, using a two-round system since 1995. If it sounds unnecessarily confusing, that's because it kind of is. The Electoral College comprises delegates from each state and Washington, D.C., who are appointed by their respective state legislatures to cast a … The number of electors a state receives depends on its population. Learn about the history of the electoral college — including why it was started, and whether it still works today — in our interview with election law expert David Schultz. The premise of an Electoral College was devised more than 200 years ago, when there were only 13 stars on the flag and the only people allowed to vote were white land-owning men. It's a process where 538 electors meet and cast their ballots to elect the president and vice president of the United States.Â, In every state, political parties choose electors for each candidate running for the presidency. Since 1059, it has had exclusive authority over papal selection. But 32 states have faithless elector laws, including 15 that penalize electors for voting against their pledge or remove them or their vote. Prior to 1913, U.S. state legislatures appointed U.S. senators from their respective states, and prior to 1872, U.S. presidential electors were in many cases chosen by state legislatures (though most states had switched to popular elections for electors by 1824). [7] Prior to the 1962 French presidential election referendum, the President of the French Republic was elected indirectly by these Grands électeurs; prior to the adoption of the French Constitution of 1958, the President of France was elected by the French Parliament. Historical examples of electoral colleges include Finland's, which elected the country's president from 1925 to 1988, exceptions are 1944 (exception law), 1946 (parliament) and 1973 (extended term by exception law). The famed 1858 Lincoln–Douglas debates, reputedly held during a U.S. Senate campaign in Illinois, actually occurred during an election for the Illinois state legislature; neither Lincoln's nor Douglas' names appeared on any ballot. The Constitution requires each state to have electors equal to its congressional representation. For electors, the requirements were usually higher than for the original voters. In the United States, 270 electoral votes of the 538 electors are currently required to win the presidential election. The most recent ones were George W. Bush in 2000 and Donald Trump in 2016. In the Eastern rite churches, all the bishops of an autocephalous church elect successor bishops, thus serving as an electoral college for all the episcopal sees. Paraguay had an electoral college that was established by the 1870 Constitution, which was used to elect its president. In the Pope's case, the system of people and clergy was eventually replaced by a college of the important clergy of Rome, which eventually became known as the College of Cardinals. "  Electors, the Court held, "are not free agents. On Election Day, the voters will vote for the electors. [10], Other countries with electoral college systems include Burundi, Estonia,[11] Kazakhstan, Madagascar, Myanmar, Pakistan, Trinidad and Tobago[12] and Vanuatu. The first presidential election of the Fifth Republic which elected Charles de Gaulle was the only presidential election where the winner was determined via an electoral college. Taraji P. Henson Headlines the Power On Summit, How the World Fell Madly in Love With ‘DDLJ’, (Re) Opening Night: Time For Serious Fashion Inspo, White Women on Why They Voted for Trump in 2016, This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses.

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