The body regulates all replication of dividing cells by maintaining a balance between the birth and death of cells. Overview of Chemotherapy Agents. Chemical reactions occur between the two purines and also between the two pyrimidines, leading to the formation of the double-stranded DNA helix, which serves as the genetic template of the cell. Four basic features differentiate the cancer cell from the normal cell: Inappropriate ability to invade surrounding tissue, Ability to establish new growth at ectopic sites. Exam IV Material. Chemotherapy is the use of cytotoxic agents to destroy cancer cells. Cytoxan. DNA is an essential nucleic acid composed of deoxyribose, a phosphate, and four nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Occasionally, chemo may be given directly into the spinal fluid which surrounds the brain and spinal cord. what is the #1 non chemotherapy cause of alopecia myelosuppression, neurotoxicity, hypersensitivity reactions, mucositis, total body alopecia, myalgias (muscle pain) 6 main AEs of paclitaxel On Saturday, October 10th, we'll be doing some maintenance on Quizlet to keep things running smoothly. Overview of neurologic complications of platinum-based chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can be used as an adjuvant to surgery and irradiation and can be administered immediately after or … On Saturday, October 10th, we'll be doing some maintenance on Quizlet to keep things running smoothly. What drug is used to prophylax against PCP? pulmonary fibrosis, anaphylaxis, fever, flulike symptoms, what is used to pretreat the anaphylaxis reaction associated with bleomycin, what lifetime dose of bleomycin is associated with increased pulmonary toxicity, what needs to be monitored with bleomycin therapy; when should monitoring start, what is BCR-ABL; what cancer is it most associated with, all -nib anticancer agents are from what chemical class, what 3 AEs is associated with most BCR-ABL inhibitors, what size doses of imatinib can be dosed QD, if a patient is on 800 mg/day imatinib, how is it administered, edema, myelosuppression, CHF, arthralgias, rash, QT prolongation, what 3 CYP enzymes are inhibited by imatinib, what are the only 2 leukemias that have BCR-ABL, 2 BCR-ABL inhibitors that are indicated in leukemias that are imatinib resistant, which BCR-ABL inhibitor is the DOC for leukemia that is imatinib resistant, edema, pleural effusions, arthralgias, myelosuppression, CHF, QT prolongation, 2 drug classes that decrease absorption of dasatinib, on empty stomach 1 hour before before or 2 hours after, which BCR-ABL inhibitor doesn't cause CHF, what is the DOC for patients with non-imatinib resistant BCR-ABL CML that have CHF, edema, increased lipase, rash, QT prolongation, myelosuppression, hyperglycemia, 4 things that need to be monitored while on nilotinib, acneform skin rash, QT prolongation, fatal interstitial lung disease, when is the acneform rash most likely to occur during the course of erlotinib tx, 3 things that decrease the absorption of erlotinib, which EGFR inhibitor has worse diarrhea, erlotinib or afatinib, cutaneous rashes, diarrhea, interstitial lung disease, what type of environment does erlotinib need in order to be absorbed, rash, HTN, QT prolongation, GI perforation, mucositis, hepatotoxicity, all VGEF kinase inhibitors can be given on an empty stomach except, which route of administration of bortezomib is deadly, peripheral neuropathy, HoTN, thrombocytopenia, what requires dose adjustments of bortezomib, fatal hepatotoxicity, fatal pneumonitis, ocular toxicities, QT prolongation, pregnancy category of thalidomide and lenalidomide, what program must thalidomide and lenalidomide users register on, T/F: all -nibs and -mabs cause minimal hematotoxicity, what is an AE seen with most monoclonal antibodies, myelosuppression, infection, fatal infusion related reaction, pancytopenia, PCP, herpes; 2 months following last dose or CD4 >200, what 2 infections need to be prophylaxed against if patient is on alemtuzumab; how long does prophylaxis need to last, 2 drugs given prior to alemtuzumab to minimize infusion reaction, severe infusion reaction, reactivation of hep B ; within 24 hours, 2 main AEs of rituximab (list main one first); when does the main one typically occur, 2 drugs used to premedicate before rituximab infusion, live vaccines must be completed how long before infusion of rituximab, acute renal failure d/t TLS, fatal infusion reaction, acneform skin rash, severe infusion reaction, 2 drugs used to premedicate before cetuximab infusion, triple -; doesn't respond to hormone therapy, which type of breast cancer is the worst; why, what needs to be monitored while on trastuzumab, GI perforation, wound dehiscence, HTN, VTE. The cell then enters the fourth phase, It is not clearly understood how the body maintains normal cellular homeostasis. antimetabolite. Quizlet will be unavailable from 4-5 PM PT. Chemotherapy dates back to the 1500s, when heavy metals were used systemically to treat cancers, and severe toxicity and limited cure were reported. The body’s maintenance of this homeostasis depends on the synthesis of trigger proteins, or signals, in response to cell death. Since then, a vast spectrum of antineoplastic drugs has been discovered to achieve cure, control, and palliation of… Quizlet will be unavailable from 4-5 PM PT. Overview of Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is the use of cytotoxic agents to destroy cancer cells. The neurotoxicity associated with a variety of conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy agents and orally administered molecularly targeted agents will be reviewed here. Although the growth of cancer cells is dysfunctional and uncontrolled, the cancer cells undergo the different phases of the cell cycle that normal cells do. In an interview with Targeted Oncology following a virtual presentation for the ISGIO 2020, Yelena Janjigian, MD, provided an overview of the role of HER2-targeted therapies in advanced gastric cancer. Why would you need to prophylax for PCP? (See "Overview of paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system".) To achieve the above goals, chemotherapeutic drugs (as single agents or in combination) may be used in the following strategies: The human body is composed of an intricate network of nondividing and dividing cells organized into various tissues that perform specific functions. The decision to use antineoplastic chemotherapy depends on the type of tumor to be treated, the stage of malignancy, the condition of the animal, and financial considerations. The neurologic complications of other chemotherapy agents and biologic therapies, as well as preventive strategies and treatments for established chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, are discussed separately. Dividing cells, such as germ, epithelial, and bone marrow stem cells, must replicate to maintain their function. Since then, a vast spectrum of antineoplastic drugs has been discovered to achieve. Cancer is a disease in which the cells fail to respond to the homeostatic mechanism that controls the cellular birth and death processes. Chemotherapy (chemo) uses anti-cancer drugs that may be given intravenously (injected into your vein) or by mouth.The drugs travel through the bloodstream to reach cancer cells in most parts of the body. STUDY. When this interference happens, a proportion of the cells die. Chemotherapy works on the principle of first-order kinetics, which postulates that the number of tumor cells killed by an antineoplastic agent is proportional, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window), Management of Hypersensitivity Reactions and Extravasation, Management of Toxic Effects of Chemotherapy, Lippincott's Cancer Chemotherapy Handbook. What has been postulated is that the body possesses a feedback system that signals a cell to enter the G. Every cell in the body has a genetically programmed clock that directs the timing of its reproductive activity. She also explained the importance of biomarker testing in this space. 4 main cancer indications of capecitabine, Xeloda, which anticancer drug is a PO prodrug of fluorouracil, what genetic deficiency can increase toxicities in capecitabine and 5-FU use, which drug is worse at causing hand foot syndrome, capecitabine or 5-FU, effect on CYP pharmacokinetics of capecitabine, myelosuppression, mucositis, TLS, conjunctivitis with high dose, flu like symptoms, what is the flu like AE of cytarabine called, 2 things that need to be monitored while on cytarabine, 4 main cancer indications of fluorouracil, diarrhea, hand foot syndrome, myelosuppression, ocular toxicity, cardiotoxicity, what is given with 5-FU to potentiate cytotoxicity, myelosuppression, flu like syndrome, rash, elevated liver transaminase, hemolytic anemia, what increases the risk of toxicities with gemcitabine, doses > ______ mg/m2 of MTX require __________ for rescue from toxicity, what type of MTX must be used for IT administration and for high doses, myelosuppression, mucositis, renal toxicity with high doses, hepatotoxicity, abortifacient, which antimetabolite is CI in pregnancy because it is an abortifacient, 3 things that require dose adjustments with MTX, MTX penetrates very slowly into patients with a lot of what; what type of patient would likely have this problem, what premedication is used to prevent/minimize the rash associated with pemetrexed, What 2 things are given with pemetrexed to reduce toxicities and what are the toxicities (other than rash/mylosupression), 2 things that require dose adjustments with pemetrexed, T/F: all antimetabolites cause myelosuppression, which antimetabolite causes cardiotoxicity, all antimetabolites interact to some extent with which drug, 2 classes of cancer agents that target microtubules, what anticancer REGIMEN is 1st line for breast cancer, docetaxel is 1st line for what type of prostate cancer, myelosuppression, rash, neurotoxicity, fluid retention, alopecia, what is the biggest AE of docetaxel; how does this AE manifest itself, dexamethasone 8 mg PO BID x 3 days starting one day prior to each docetaxel infusion, what drug, dose, route, frequency, duration and starting point is used to minimize docetaxel AEs, what needs to be monitored when on docetaxel, what is the #1 non chemotherapy cause of alopecia, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity, hypersensitivity reactions, mucositis, total body alopecia, myalgias (muscle pain), how does neurotoxicity with paclitaxel manifest, slow infusion, dexamethasone at 12 and 6 hours before, 2 ways to overcome paclitaxel hypersensitivity, 2 dose adjustment CIs seen with paclitaxel, how does neurotoxicity with vinblastine manifest, neurotoxicity, extravasation, myelosuppression, 2 ways to manage extravasation with vinblastine, what needs dose adjustments with vinblastine, CYP pharmacokinetic effect of vinblastine, T/F: not all vinca-alkaloids can cause death if given IT, just vinblastine, in anticancer regimens, what is Oncovin abbreviated as, which 2 anticancer drugs are the only ones that cause very little myelosuppression, how does neurotoxicity with vincristine manifest, 3 things that need to be monitored while on vincristine, 2 things that require dose adjustments with vincristine, CYP pharmacokinetic effect of vincristine, which CYP are vinca-alkaloids a substrate for, T/F: vincristine cannot be given IT d/t risk of death, neurotoxicity, myelosuppression minus vincristine, all taxanes and vinca-alkaloids cause what 2 AEs, (vinca-alkaloids, taxanes) cause severe extravasation, which microtubule inhibitor causes fluid retention, which microtubule inhibitor can cause severe hypersensitivity reactions, which microtubule inhibitor causes total body alopecia, podophyllotoxins, camptothecins, anthracyclines, 3 classes of anticancer agents that are topoisomerase inhibitors, what color are all anthracyclines except mitoxantrone, what color is mitoxantrone; what does it tx, what anticancer REGIMEN is first line for testicular cancer, what drugs are used in the BEP anticancer regimen, HoTN caused by etoposide is related to what, what is used to manage extravasation with etoposide, 2 ways to overcome etoposide induced HoTN, how do bioavailabilities relate between PO and IV formulations of etoposide, what genetic marker increases risk of irinotecan toxicity, what is the active metabolite of irinotecan; what is the big AE it causes, 2 drugs used to manage irinotecan's diarrhea, which drug class interacts with irinotecan by inhibiting UGT1A1, what requires dose adjustments with irinotecan, which 2 routes of administration shouldn't be used for daunorubicin, what is the biggest AE of daunorubicin; how does it manifest, extravasation, myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity, 2 ways to manage daunorubicin extravasation, what is an antidote to anthracyclines and minimizes/prevents anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, extravasation, myelosuppression, 2 ways to manage doxorubicin extravasation, cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, extravasation, 2 ways to manage idarubicin extravasation, what needs to be monitored while on idarubicin, 2 ways to manage epirubicin extravasation, HoTN is the most notable AE of what topoisomerase inhibitor, which 2 topoisomerase inhibitors have a max lifetime dose of 550 mg/m2, what AE is associated with all -platin agents; how does it manifest, equation to calculate total dose of carboplatin, what is the usual AUC target range of carboplatin depending on the type of cancer, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, N/V, myelosuppression, (carboplatin, cisplatin) has more myelosuppression, (carboplatin, cisplatin) has overall less toxicities, what 2 things can be given with carboplatin to minimize kidney AEs, What type of dose adjustment is seen with carboplatin, bladder, testicular, ovarian, head/neck, NSCLC, what size of dose of cisplatin should always be verified, what pretreatment is required with cisplatin, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, N/V, myelosuppression, what 2 things can be given with cisplatin to minimize kidney AEs, (carboplatin, cisplatin) is usually more toxic, T/F: cisplatin is one of the most emetogenic agents, what type of supplementation can be given with cisplatin to minimize AEs, 2 things that require monitoring with cisplatin, which platin is the worst for neurotoxicity; how does it manifest; what exacerbates it, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, extravasation, what can be given before and after oxaliplatin dose to minimize neuropathies, which platin has worse peripheral neurotoxicity; which is 2nd worse, which platin has worse hematologic toxicity, pulmonary toxicity, SOS, hyperpigmentation, hepatotoxicity, how does busulfan pulmonary toxicity manifest, seizures, gynecomastia, adrenal insufficiency, N/V, what drug can be used to prophylaxis of dose dependent busulfan AEs, 2 anticancer agents that are the most common HSCT conditioning agents, Hodgkins, Acute/Chronic Leukemia's, Breast, HSCT conditioning, 4 main cancer indications of cyclophosphamide, AM, allow elimination of toxic metabolite, when should PO cyclophosphamide be taken; why, which anticancer drug is the worst at causing infertility, doses of cyclophosphamide greater than what increases the risk of hematogenicity and cardiotoxicity, hemorrhagic cystitis, N/V, myelosuppression, infertility, cardiotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, what in cyclophosphamide causes hemorrhagic cystitis, tx, 2 routes, and duration of tx of hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide, what drug can help prevent cyclophosphamide hemorrhagic cystitis, what should be monitored if on cyclophosphamide, T/F: cyclophosphamide causes nephrotoxicity, hemorrhagic cystitis, nephrotoxicity, CNS toxicity, myelosuppression, how does ifosfamide neurotoxicity manifest, dosage form of procarbazine; how should it be administered, what PO anticancer agent has the highest ematogenicity, serotonergic agents, ethanol, tyramine containing foods, DDI between procarbazine and SSRIs or Zyvox, 2 tyramine containing foods that interact with procarbazine, special storage instructions of dacarbazine, which form of glioblastoma has the best prognosis, Bactrim and you have to prophylax when Temodar + Radiation is used.

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