It should not be surprising that blue notes are not represented accurately in the 12 tone equal temperament system which is made up of a cycle of very slightly flatted perfect fifths (i.e. Just intonation is common in music of other cultures such as the 17 tone Arabic scale and the 22 tone Indian classical music scale. [16][7] The result has been a uniquely American music which is still widely practiced in its original form and is at the foundation of another – American jazz. This bending or glide between the two tones is an essential characteristic of the blues.[2][3][9][10][11]. But this flatness may take several forms. Here one may speak of neutral intervals, neither major nor minor. Kubik, G. (2008). [16][7][9], The blue "lowered third" has been speculated to be from 7/6 (267 cents)[9][10] to 350 cents[12] above the tonic tone. [5] Bent or "blue notes", called in Ireland "long notes", play a vital part in Irish music. It may involve a glide, either upward or do… [15] As the blues appears to have derived from a cappella field hollers of African slaves it would be expected that its notes would be of just intonation origin closely related to the musical scales of western Africa. [17] This note is commonly slurred with a perfect third at 5/4 (386 cents)[17] in what Temperley et al. On the other hand, the lowering may be by a full semitone—as it must be, of course, on keyboard instruments. Blue notes are used in many blues songs, in jazz, and in conventional popular songs with a "blue" feeling, such as Harold Arlen's "Stormy Weather". In jazz and blues, a blue note is a note that—for expressive purposes—is sung or played at a slightly different pitch from standard. The just intonation blue note intervals identified above all involve prime numbers not equally divisible by 2 or 3. [1][2][3] The lowered fifth is also known as the raised fourth. Humans naturally learn the harmonic series as infants. ", "Happy" and "Sweet About Me". Prime number harmonics greater than 3 are all perceptually different than 12 tone equal temperament notes as described in the harmonic series entry in this encyclopedia. In the case of the lowered third over the root (or the lowered seventh over the dominant), the resulting chord is a neutral mixed third chord. Again, this may be a microtonal, almost imperceptible affair, or it may be a slur between notes a semitone apart, so that there is actually not one blue note but two. Typically the alteration is between a quartertone and a semitone, but this varies depending on the musical context. This is essential for many auditory activities such as understanding speech (see formant) and perceiving tonal music. [17] Kubik[9] and Curry[10] proposed 7/4 as it is commonly heard in the barbershop quartet harmonic seventh chord. ), "Blues music theory and the songs of Robert Johnson: ladder, level and chromatic cycle", "Two Approaches to Tonal Space in the Music of Muddy Waters: Two Approaches to Tonal Space", "Microtonal Analysis of "Blue Notes" and the Blues Scale", "Mediant mixture and "blue notes" in rock: An exploratory study", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195116724.001.0001, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue_note&oldid=982057826, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 October 2020, at 22:58. [13] In the harmonic series, overtones of a fundamental tonic tone occur as integer multiples of the tonic frequency. Just intonation musical intervals derive directly from the harmonic series. A musical tour of Blue Note Records that traces the evolution of the label from Early Jazz thru Bebop, Hard Bop, Post-Bop, Soul Jazz, Avant-Garde, Fusion & into the vibrant sounds of now. In D. Evans (Ed. One quality that they all have in common, however, is that they are lower than one would expect, classically speaking. On the one hand, it may be a microtonal affair of a quarter-tone or so.
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