But sometimes they are very serious. Antibiotics such as a single dose of azithromycin can be used for both adults and children with severe cholera. Both the CDC and the World Health Organization have specific guidelines for who should be given this vaccine. They actually render the stool free from the bacteria but do not alter the course of the disease. Cholera: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention Cholera is an acute, diarrhoeal illness resulting from an infection of the intestine. Antibiotics, which kill the bacteria, are not part of emergency treatment for mild cases. Ministry of Health Singapore. All rights reserved. The solution is available as a powder that can be reconstituted in boiled or bottled water. You should also avoid raw foods, including the following: If you develop severe, watery diarrhea and vomiting -- particularly after eating raw shellfish or traveling to a country where cholera is epidemic -- seek medical help immediately. Unlike other infectious diseases, cholera can be easily treated. Symptoms of cholera can begin as soon as a few hours or as long as five days after infection. You can protect yourself and your family by using only water that has been boiled, water that has been chemically disinfected, or bottled water. Cholera is an infection that can cause severe diarrhoea. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days. Diarrhea can be so severe that it leads within hours to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, is usually found in food or water contaminated by feces from a person with the infection. This topic discusses the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cholera. Your risk of contracting the disease can be low if you follow these precautions in cholera-endemic locations: Cholera: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention. The disease is most common in places with poor sanitation, crowding, war, and famine. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. There is a vaccine for cholera. They can infect others if the… Tuesday, January 15, 2019, Chronic Diseases: Understanding the Medical Conditions and their Causes. Copyright © About one in 20 people infected have severe watery diarrhea accompanied by vomiting, which can quickly lead to dehydration. Climate change, extreme weather events and rapid urbanisation suggests that alternatives to the current paradigm of providing large centralised water and sanitation systems should be considered, including smaller decentralised systems. Both the CDC and the World Health Organization have specific guidelines for who should be given this vaccine. Caregivers of those with cholera can infect themselves if they do not have access to effective hygiene. These bacteria produce a potent enterotoxin that forces the intestines to excrete massive volumes of highly contagious fluid until the illness runs its course. Copyright © 2017 The British Infection Association. Only about 10 cases of cholera are reported each year in the U.S. and half of these are acquired abroad. NIAID efforts to develop a preventive cholera vaccine have targeted two distinct but overlapping approaches: live and “killed” vaccines. This article was last reviewed on https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-4453(17)30194-9. However, if left untreated, cholera can cause death often as a result of severe dehydration, which can be prevented with a simple rehydration treatment. Signs and symptoms of dehydration include: If not treated, dehydration can lead to shock and death in a matter of hours. Be sure to use bottled, boiled, or chemically disinfected water for the following purposes. The following materials cover a new global initiative for cholera prevention and control, as well as the basics of cholera and other diarrheal disease prevention. Cholera is an acute, diarrhoeal illness resulting from an infection of the intestine. Common sources include: When a person consumes the contaminated food or water, the bacteria release a toxin in the intestines that produces severe diarrhea.
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