Wastepaper, metal or bones could be made into planes and ammunition. These sources show how the government encouraged people to salvage certain materials for the war and pointed out the dangers of ‘careless talk’. They give away a lot of information that would have been very useful if overheard by an enemy spy. They wanted the public to become much more careful about security because information or secrets might be used by enemy spies listening in. The effectiveness of communication through this new form of information design made it attractive beyond the command economy of the Soviet Union. Also, it looks as if these messages are better created outside straightforwardly commercial organisations. Kitchen waste could be fed to hens and pigs. v3.0, except where otherwise stated. Games was able to combine, through his skill in design-thinking and simplification, two ideas into a single message. Each of the three must be considered together.’ He noted that shouting at people was hardly ever effective and that it was important to help people feel that they had made a considerate contribution through their actions. They could discuss the differences between the strength of the visual over the written. In Britain, the public information poster reached its most sophisticated form during the Second World War, although the propaganda efforts of the Ministry of Information got off to a muddled start. How do the posters use colour to help make their point? The film shows two women who work at a railway station restaurant and they are busy chatting. The lesson could serve as an introduction to the concept of government propaganda within the literacy or history classroom for Key stage 2. How did people prepare for the war at home? Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain's declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The Ministry of Information was re-badged as the Central Office of Information and continued to make public information posters, often by Reginald Mount and Eileen Evans, and information films until it was finally closed in 2011. Are the posters aimed at different types of audience (men, women, children or all groups)? Which poster warns about being careful who to trust? For example, the famous ‘Dig for Victory’ posters were used as the government wanted people to grow their own food during wartime. Such tales were "pure rumor," the notice stated, "and to believe it is playing Hitler's game. Does your slogan persuade or convince people to recycle. List the situations in which you must be careful about what you say. (INF13/143 f13) The government used posters, leaflets, film and radio broadcasts to get its message over to the public. Paul and Karen Rennie British Design Collection, Folkestone. Paul Rennie is head of context in graphic design at Central Saint Martins, London. Task 3 gives students an opportunity to transfer it to the medium of film. For example, people were encouraged to grow their own food, and save waste. One week after the attack residents were told how to obtain--and offer--assistance and warned against attempts to flee to neutral Ireland. Give your reasons, using the questions above to help. Posters are immediate and inexpensive, and their history shows us how to combine information, communication and direction. This really mattered if Britain wanted the workers in the factories to make as many planes, bombs, and tanks as they could or farmers to grow as much as possible. Posters with the slogan ‘Is your journey really necessary?’ were used to remind people to save fuel and allow trains to transport soldiers and war supplies instead. Travel within Britain was to be limited at all times. Students could examine a selection of television or magazine advertisements supplied by the teacher and consider their persuasive techniques. Does the film closely match any of the ‘careless talk’ posters you have looked at? Lester Beall’s posters for the Rural Electrification Administration’s activities in the 1930s combine colour and abstraction, but add elements of photographic detail that humanise the message of modernisation and progress. Some posters encouraged women to work in factories to make weapons or planes. Friends of The National How do the posters use different font sizes? Remembering the graphic designer, who has died at the age of 91, through three of his most memorable designs, An exhibition about cultural destruction in modern conflicts can’t help but remind us of earlier wars, The multi-talented French architect and designer worked at the cutting edge of modernism, Your email address will not be published. Give your reasons, use the questions from task 1 to help. The Ministry of Information (MoI) was established by the British government at the outbreak of the Second World War. Subscribe now for regular news, updates and priority booking for events.Sign up, All content is available under the Open Government Licence How did Britain encourage people at home to help win the war? The public needed to keep fit and healthy in order to work and keep up production in the factories and on the land. Special government films shown in cinemas were also used to persuade people to behave in certain ways. Students can explore how the language of these government posters is used to persuade. ‘Please Pass Along the Platform’ (1944), Cyril Kenneth Bird, known as ‘Fougasse’. Left to right, the posters are: "Use Shanks' Pony, walk when you can", "Dig For Victory", "Marshall's Table Foods help nourish the nation", "War Savings", "Every woman not doing vital work is needed NOW", "Save coal - keep your eye on your FUEL TARGET". The posters were used to try and influence public opinion. Over the course of 1940, the messages aimed at both military personnel and civilians became clearer and more coherent and, from 1941 onwards, aligned with the objectives of post-war reconstruction. Students then create advertisements for their own products. Posters are a powerful tool in clear and consistent public health-messaging – so why aren’t we seeing more of them? 1. Using these sources pupils can examine the power of the images themselves and their techniques of persuasion. This directly relates to the illustrative image used at the top of the web page for this lesson. Different posters were used to put over different messages. They can look in detail at persuasive devices such as slogans, humour and emotive language. In the military context, the designer Abram Games produced a series of remarkable posters representing his philosophy of ‘maximum meaning and minimum means’. Which is more effective, poster or film? Which posters show the results of ‘careless talk’? The Ministry of Information, INF series and INF 3. From the September 2020 issue of Apollo. Do you think that the film or the posters are more effective in warning people about the dangers of ‘careless talk’? v3.0. The origins of modern graphic design, in the aftermath of the First World War and especially in the experiments of Soviet constructivism, show how colour and form can be used to powerful effect. The posters were used to try and influence public opinion. Posters were also used to up keep morale or wartime spirit. Health during the war was a big worry for Britain. After the war, the appeal to safety as a means of increasing economic production was recast as common courtesy and consideration. To suit the needs of their individual pupils, teachers could adapt this online lesson; this is a suggested approach. Save kitchen scraps to feed the hens Ironically, the most famous of the posters – ‘Keep Calm and Carry On’ – is the one that wasn’t used. The Syrian-born, US-based artist talks to Gabrielle Schwarz about his sculptural dioramas of cities ravaged by war – and offers a message of hope for the future, Plus: Nancy Spector resigns from the Guggenheim; and more recent stories, The Smithsonian Institution has announced that Kevin Young will be the next director of the National Museum of African American…, In a joint statement released on Monday, but not widely reported until later in the week, the four museums due…, An exhibition at the Old Royal Naval College tells the stories of the Black pensioners who lived there in the 18th and 19th centuries, The artist’s strange, Surrealist-inspired paintings have in turn inspired more recent explorations of gender and body image, Paul and Karen Rennie British Design Collection, Folkestone. They also had accidents caused by the blackout. Fougasse also created posters for London Transport, and for the Thomas Tilling bus company, about passenger etiquette and the convenience of staggered travel times. These themes of consideration towards fellow passengers could translate easily to those of social distancing. Later, the more complete integration of word and image allowed the poster to keep pace with the accelerating machine-ensemble of modern life, and to communicate instantly. The poster was the first form of image designed to be seen from a distance and while the viewer was on the move. The questions increase in difficulty. The history of graphic and communication design, especially in poster form, is full of useful and inspirational examples that remind us of the power of simple language. Archives, Open Government Licence Morris (left). For example, in the archive there is a film that was used to encourage people to save scraps to feed hens, featuring a talking chicken. A similar approach was adopted by Ernest Bevin’s Ministry of Labour in promoting the industrial and road-safety messages of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents. Writing in 1946, he outlined his approach to effective communication: eye-catching design to attract attention and curiosity, humour and intelligence to engage the spectator, and a space to allow the viewer to reach the conclusion on their own. All of the posters used in this lesson are the work of artists who worked for the government Ministry of Information formed in 1939. Give your reasons. ‘In propaganda,’ Fougasse writes, ‘the poster must attract, persuade, so as to provoke action […] each of these is a necessary characteristic without, on its own, being sufficient. ". ‘Protect your Eyes’ (c. 1942) designed by Manfred Reiss and G.R. A row of Ministry of Information posters on a wall somewhere in Britain. Why do you think the film is called ‘All Hands’? This lesson can be used to support the Primary Framework in Literacy for Key stage 2, unit 3 Non-fiction: Persuasive writing. That’s not so different from asking people to wear masks. It will be interesting, in the months ahead, to see how the power of communication can be mobilised beyond the immediate demands of public relations. Your email address will not be published. The sources used in this lesson show how the government hoped to get people at home to play their part in the war. This was because it was difficult to import food from other countries during wartime. Task 2 builds on the understanding of the concept of ‘persuasive writing’ acquired in Task 1. During the Second World War, the people faced many dangers such as the bombing of cities, ports and factories. The Ministry of Information was re-badged as the Central Office of Information and continued to make public information posters, often by Reginald Mount and Eileen Evans, and information films until it was finally closed in 2011. They made it clear that everybody was in this war together and everybody had an important part to play. The film clip used here offers further opportunities to compare the power of the moving image. How does the film make clear that they should not talk in this way?

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