Somerset was replaced by John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland. Jane Grey was married to Dudley’s younger son. Mary was met by cheering crowds in London on 3 August 1553 CE. Iconography, murals, and pictorial stained glass windows were all removed from churches, and services were now conducted in English, not Latin. in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. Mistaken identities also feature in the author Mark Twain's novel, The Prince and the Pauper, in which the young Edward VI and a pauper boy of identical appearance accidentally replace each other. Although he was intellectually precocious (fluent in Greek and Latin, he kept a full journal of his reign), he was not, however, physically robust. During the winter of 1552–1553, Edward VI, strained by physical activities in the bitter weather, contracted a cold. The Duke of Somerset was hardly in a position to oppose both France and Scotland, as his own position was insecure. Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland, from 28 January 1547, until his death on 6 July 1553. These executors were to be supplemented by 12 assistants, who would only participate when the others deemed it fit. Henry had decreed that during Edward’s minority the government was to be run by a council of regency; in fact, Edward’s uncle, Edward Seymour, duke of Somerset, wielded almost supreme power as regent, with the title of protector, until he was overthrown in 1549 by the unscrupulous John Dudley, earl of Warwick (soon to be duke of Northumberland). A new Book of Common Prayer was issued in English in 1549 CE and made compulsory under the Act of Uniformity of the same year. His education was colored by the Reformation that had swept through the Netherlands and Germany[5], a conscious plan of his father's. Edward's reign was short as he died of tuberculosis aged just 15. Isolated by the Council, he was arrested in October 1549. Unauthorized worship was punishable by up to life imprisonment. When religion mixed with politics, though, there were more serious consequences such as several popular uprisings. Edward's reign saw radical progress in the Reformation. Assistant Master and Professor of History, Selwyn College, University of Cambridge. The political aim of the work was to unite moderate religious factions into a single Protestant fold by obscuring the role of Mass and downplaying the status of saints. For this crime, Jane, her husband, and the Duke of Suffolk were executed. The council under Warwick also systematically confiscated church territories and Warwick himself had the ambition to be the largest landowner in England.[11]. [8] The wool industry, however, boomed during this time, through the ongoing fencing in or “enclosure” of the landscape to raise sheep for individual proprietors. Mary I reversed Edward's Protestant reforms, which nonetheless became the basis of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement of 1559. The only hitch in Somerset’s autocratic rule was his younger brother Thomas Seymour who was hell bent for power. Edward VI died at Greenwich Palace on July 9, 1553, either of tuberculosis, arsenic poisoning, or syphilis. Theories have speculated that he suffered from congenital syphilis[3] or from tuberculosis. His tutors found him to be intellectually gifted, a precocious student of Greek, Latin, French, and theology. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. - easily swayed by cunning men, he exercised such little influence as he possessed in favour of disastrous policies and disastrous politicians. With Anne Boleyn (c. 1501-1536 CE), there was another daughter, Elizabeth (b. Sep. 1533 CE). Edward named his cousin, Lady Jane Grey, as his heir and excluded his half-sisters, Mary and Elizabeth. But if Edward’s reign was short, it was far from insignificant, heralding some of the most significant religious reforms that England has ever seen. Having been brought up a Protestant, he had no desire to be succeeded by his older half-sister and devote Catholic, Mary. Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. Up until recently, it has been widely accepted that Edward VI was an extremely sickly child. Edward VI Tudor, King of England, was born 12 October 1537 in Hampton Court Palace, Middlesex, England, United Kingdom to Henry VIII of England (1491-1547) and Jane Seymour (c1509-1537) and died 6 July 1553 inGreenwich Palace, Kent, England, United Kingdom of unspecified causes. His short reign was dominated by nobles using the Regency to strengthen their own positions. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. He failed in his military pursuits against Scotland as his conquests became increasingly unrealistic. In parts of Germany and Switzerland, religious groups had also broken away in protest against the wealth and corruption of the Catholic Church. With wife number three, Jane Seymour, who was a lady-in-waiting at court, Henry had his first and last son, Edward, born on 12 October 1537 CE i… Catholic churches were rich in decorations and colour. Dudley, therefore, persuaded Edward, who was himself a keen Reformist, to nominate instead his cousin Lady Jane Grey. Content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. Ancient History Encyclopedia. The first was his uncle, Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, who became Lord Protector. Without Edward's support, these foundations would not have been laid, since under Edward's successor, Mary, Catholicism was re-instated and Cranmer was executed. Adding to the turmoil was the French declaration of war on England. When their father died, Edward's half-sister Elizabeth was 13 years old. Henry VIII married six times but it was his first three marriages that each produced a future monarch. Mary I reversed Edward's Protestant reforms, which nonetheless became the basis of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement of 1559. His will named sixteen executors, who were to act as Council of Regents until Edward VI achieved majority at the age of 18 (although it was agreed by the council in 1552 that Edward would reach his majority at 16). Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In his six years of supremacy, the Church transferred from an essentially Roman Catholic liturgy to a structure that was based on Protestantism. He had two advisers (or regents). [8] Religious dissenters, moreover, were often persecuted and burnt at the stake. On March 13, 1547, Edward VI created a new council of 26 members. With Anne Boleyn (c. 1501-1536 CE), there was another daughter, Elizabeth (b. Sep. 1533 CE). However, Jane’s reign lasted only nine days, after which Mary ascended the throne as the rightful heir. He made his final public appearance on July 1, 1553. Importantly, Henry VIII chose his tutors because they were humanists and moderate Protestants [4]. Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury, implemented the Book of Common Prayer during Edward’s reign, a major step in establishing an identity for the Church of England. The French were also besieging Boulogne, and Seymour’s commitment of troops in France and Scotland may explain his fatal dallying when trying to deal with the popular revolts in England. The policies of the Duke of Northumberland also indicate that he was making a foundation on which Edward was expected to build when he reached his majority, rather than expecting Edward to die young. This page was last changed on 6 October 2020, at 02:41. The Council comprised of 16 executors and 12 assistants to the executors, who would rule on his behalf.

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