____-____. No hearings were held on the provisions that became law. That burden on adult speech is unacceptable if less restrictive alternatives would be at least as effective in achieving the legitimate purpose that the statute was enacted to serve. But the CDA applies broadly to the entire universe of cyberspace. User-based zoning is also in its infancy. Id., at 845 (finding 90): "An e-mail address provides no authoritative information about the addressee, who may use an e-mail "alias' or an anonymous remailer. Third, as a result of these low barriers, astoundingly diverse content is available on the Internet. 1003, 1019, n. 26, 130 L.Ed.2d 964 (1995), is applicable. A federal district court erred in finding two provisions of the Communications Decency Act of 1996 unconstitutional under the First Amendment. ''17, Systems have been developed to help parents control the material that may be available on a home computer with Internet access. We agreed that "there is a compelling interest in protecting the physical and psychological well-being of minors'' which extended to shielding them from indecent messages that are not obscene by adult standards, 492 U.S., at 126, 109 S.Ct., at 2836-2837, but distinguished our "emphatically narrow holding'' in Pacifica because it did not involve a complete ban and because it involved a different medium of communication, id., at 127, 109 S.Ct., at 2837. no. Meanwhile, the court continues to recognize the unique nature of internet access. §223(d)(1)(B). As we have explained, the Government may not “reduc[e] the adult population…to…only what is fit for children.”” [p. 875] The Court therefore agreed with the district court’s conclusion that “the CDA places an unacceptably heavy burden on protected speech, and that the defenses do not constitute the sort of ‘narrow tailoring’ that will save an otherwise patently invalid unconstitutional provision.” [p. 882], Finally, the government had said that the Act was needed to foster the growth of the Internet, arguing that the unregulated availability of “indecent” and “patently offensive” material would drive people away. Justice Stevens attempted to place the Internet within the structure the Court has used to decide other media-related First Amendment cases. Thus, ironically, this defense may significantly protect commercial purveyors of obscene postings while providing little (or no) benefit for transmitters of indecent messages that have significant social or artistic value. supply nor hinder.''. This transformation of cyberspace is already underway. In arguing for reversal, the Government contends that the CDA is plainly constitutional under three of our prior decisions: (1) Ginsberg v. New York, 390 U.S. 629, 88 S.Ct. 2829, 2837-2838, 106 L.Ed.2d 93 (1989). Any person or organization with a computer connected to the Internet can "publish'' information. S. Conf. Link to the original URL of the specific case analysis, publication, update, blog or landing page of the down loadable content you are referencing. "A document's title or a description of the document will usually appear before the document itself . Chief Judge Sloviter doubted the strength of the Government's interest in regulating "the vast range of online material covered or potentially covered by the CDA,'' but acknowledged that the interest was "compelling'' with respect to some of that material. In most newsgroups, postings are automatically purged at regular intervals. abridging the freedom of speech.'' Moreover, even if it were technologically feasible to block minors' access to newsgroups and chat rooms containing discussions of art, politics or other subjects that potentially elicit "indecent'' or "patently offensive'' contributions, it would not be possible to block their access to that material and "still allow them access to the remaining content, even if the overwhelming majority of that content was not indecent.
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