2005 Dec 30;280(52):43109-20. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M506336200. Zinder O, Shapiro B . Classification of brown fat refers to two distinct cell populations with similar functions. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 45456–45461. Moreover, myotubes exposed to VAT adipocytes showed a reduced striated staining for titin, suggesting a disturbed internal sarcomeric structure (Fig. Standard chow or the 58 kcal% fat with sucrose Surwit Diet (high-fat diet [HFD]; catalog #D12331; Research Diets) was given ad libitum to the animals. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of five independent experiments. PubMed  2A and B In good agreement with this hypothesis we show for the first time that in adipose cell, activation of these transmembrane receptors leads to the activation of ERK1,2. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles The results presented in Figure 2a show that the capacity for fatty acid synthesis from glucose, measured by the activity of FAS (one of the key lipogenic enzymes), was increased two-fold in large adipocytes. Second, these mitochondria have a higher-than-normal concentration of thermogenin in the inner membrane. Small cells were obtained from the fraction that did not resurface after 45 s. Three to four stages of this floatation procedure were carried out and thus we obtained approximately 1.5 × 106 large adipocytes (50 μm in diameter) and 0.3 × 106 small adipocytes (35 μm in diameter) per gram of tissue. This can occur since an alternative return route for the protons exists through an uncoupling protein in the inner membrane. This pathway is also regulated by the lipid composition of plasma membrane, and Gopalakrishna et al30 have demonstrated in rat fibroblasts that an increase in membrane cholesterol diminishes ERKs activation through regulation of β1-integrin function. 0000004555 00000 n 0000009728 00000 n are the guarantors of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. All clinical investigations were performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki and were approved by the Ethical Committee of Hôtel-Dieu Hospital (Paris, France). Gopalakrishna P, Chaubey SK, Manogaran PS, Pande G . Conversely, the gene expression of two atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-1 and murf-1, remained unchanged in muscle cells exposed to VAT adipocytes and were not influenced by IGF-II/IGFBP-5 (Supplementary Fig. D: Measurement of variance coefficients of the fiber size in the cross-sectional samples of chow-fed and HFD-fed mice using Feret’s diameter as the geometrical parameter. 1C The cells were cultivated in a growth medium consisting of 4 vol DMEM, 1 vol M199 supplemented with 50 μg/mL gentamycin, and 20% FBS. Apparent molecular sizes were estimated by using the SeeBlue Plus2 Pre-Stained Protein Standard (Life Technologies, Foster City, CA), as indicated on immunoblots.

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