Federal and provincial-territorial financial relations. The features of the American Constitution are as follows-The American Constitution is in a written form, like the other federal countries of the world. it with the original federal constitution of the United States. Federal tax and funding transfers to the provinces in support of provincially-provided health care, education, child care, and welfare programs are all examples of this sort of federal action. I don't go so far. Moreover, the Supreme Court has recognized these federal POGG powers on a permanent, rather than simply emergency, basis. This includes all of the federal government departments and agencies, which are responsible for helping the federal government form and implement policy within its jurisdictions. 0000002376 00000 n Under this approach, the federal government transfers funds not directly to Canadians, but to provincial governments. in Halifax (September 12, 1864) where he explained his views regarding the American It viewed the enumerated powers not as examples of federal jurisdiction, but as a list of the real federal powers. in Quebec HistoryDocuments of Quebec Such a change would, of course, render the federal spending power less effective, as the provinces (or at least some of them) would be more financially self-sufficient and the federal government would have a reduced capacity to spend outside of its own jurisdictions. Spending Powers under the Constitution. 1, s.8. Three elements are central to this financial interrelationship: federal-provincial taxation agreements, federal conditional and block grants, and equalization payments. The term “concurrent powers” here means that both levels of governments are constitutionally permitted to legislate in these areas. In addition to taxation agreements, the federal government also provides conditional and block grants to the provinces and territories. First, it may provide funds directly to Canadians in support of certain social policies. Furthermore, the federal government could use its declaratory power to place any local work or undertaking, which it deemed to be for the general advantage of Canada, under its control. 0000001185 00000 n 0000069330 00000 n One of the most often cited benefits of federalism is that it acts as an additional check on government power. Canada was the colony along the St Lawrence River, part of present-day Ontario and Quebec.Its government underwent many structural changes over the following century. The bulk of federal power lies with the federal head of government and his/her executive council, which are officially referred to as the Prime Minister and Cabinet, as well as the elected legislative chamber, the House of Commons. Section 93 of the Act grants the provinces exclusive jurisdiction over education, allowing provincial governments to structure and manage their own education systems. There are many different reasons why federalism is preferable, and usually varies from one federal country to another. Features of Canadian Government 9.2.1 b Constitutional monarchy: A monarchy whose ruler is only entitled to the powers given to him or her by a nation through its constitution and laws. 0000003452 00000 n Another key issue is the perception (true or not) that an imbalance exists in federal and provincial financial situations, commonly referred to as a “fiscal imbalance”. Under circumstances specified by s. 94, the common laws of the provinces (except of Quebec HistoryBiographies of Prominent The second way in which the federal government may use its spending power is to fund programs through the provinces. from this system we will avoid if we can agree upon forming a strong central government In the Canadian political system, the upper chamber is the Senate, which takes its name from the upper house in the American political system. %PDF-1.4 %���� How jurisdiction and power is divided among each level of government can lead to assessments of a centralized or decentralized federation. Another key source of federal evolution has been judicial interpretations of the basic federal framework in the Constitution. The bulk of these amendments dealt with federal-provincial control over social benefits, and resulted in an expansion of federal power. Provincial/territorial governments often restrict the sorts of laws a local government may pass, how much money the may spend, and how they may implement long-term development strategies. After 1949, this responsibility was transferred from the JCPC to the Supreme Court of Canada. In some cases of unitary government, there is only one national government that makes all political decisions. Quebec Historical FiguresMaps of QuebecEvents, The Canadian Constitution encompasses a wide set of principles and values that govern key political relations in the Canadian society. For more information on Canada’s system of parliamentary government: The head of state for the federal government is the Monarchy; however, his/her role is primarily ceremonial under Canada’s contemporary system of government. Canada is a federation with a strong Centre, wherein residuary powers lie with the Centre. The Canadian Constitution also provides for … 0000083189 00000 n Power is thus “centralized” in the hands of a single national government. Federal Act, 1867 permits the.

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