which was confirmed by Henry V immediately after his succession. John of Gaunt enjoyed a position of considerable influence during much of the reign of his own nephew, King Richard II. As Henry’s health deteriorated, a power struggle developed within his administration between his favourite, Thomas Arundel, archbishop of Canterbury, and a faction headed by Henry’s Beaufort half brothers and Prince Henry. [10] The two dukes agreed to undergo a duel of honour (called by Richard II) at Gosford Green near Caludon Castle, Mowbray's home in Coventry. His father was Edward III's fourth son, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. He claimed the throne as the rightful heir to King Henry III by claiming that Edmund Crouchback was the elder and not the younger son of Henry III. Henry IV, byname Henry the Impotent or Henry the Liberal, Spanish Enrique el Impotente or Enrique el Liberal, (born January 25, 1425, Valladolid, Castile [Spain]—died December 11, 1474, Madrid), king of Castile from 1454 to 1474, whose reign, though at first promising, became chaotic. [7] Henry's second expedition to Lithuania in 1392 illustrates the financial benefits to the Order of these guest crusaders. When Richard II was forced to abdicate the throne in 1399, Henry was next in line to the throne according to Edward III's entailment of 1376. In 1398 the king took advantage of a quarrel between Bolingbroke and Norfolk to banish both men from the kingdom. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Mary de Bohun died in 1394, and on 7 February 1403 Henry married Joanna, the daughter of Charles II of Navarre, at Winchester. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. [30], Proof of Henry's deliberate connection to Becket lies partially in the structure of the tomb itself. ", A suitable-looking impostor was found and King Richard's old groom circulated word in the city that his master was alive in Scotland. Lyvet was released and Clark thrown into the Tower. Coat of arms as Duke of Hereford and Lancaster, Henry's achievement as king with the old arms of France. Eight months later the Welsh landowner Owain Glyn Dŵr raised a rebellion against oppressive English rule in Wales. Ralph Neville, 4th Baron Neville, married Henry's half-sister Joan Beaufort. Rebellions continued throughout the first 10 years of Henry's reign, including the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr, who declared himself Prince of Wales in 1400, and the rebellions led by Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, from 1402. Bolingbroke's father, John of Gaunt, was Edward's fourth son and the third to survive to adulthood. Despite this, the Battle of Shrewsbury was a royalist victory. In 1464 Henry reconquered Gibraltar from the Muslims, but his nobles fell into warring factions.

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