[7], Many lactobacilli operate using homofermentative metabolism (they produce only lactic acid from sugars), and some species use heterofermentative metabolism (they can produce either alcohol or lactic acid from sugars). The resulting mix of salt and lactic acid is a hostile environment for other microbes, such as fungi, and the vegetables are thus preserved—remaining edible for long periods. bulgaricus. reveals possible mechanisms for specialization of vaginal lactobacilli to their environment", "Expanding the biotechnology potential of lactobacilli through comparative genomics of 213 strains and associated genera", "Genomic Comparisons of Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus iners Reveal Potential Ecological Drivers of Community Composition in the Vagina", "Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 inhibits biofilm formation by C. albicans and attenuates the experimental candidiasis in Galleria mellonella", "Use of probiotics in the fight against Helicobacter pylori", "Vaginal microbiota and the use of probiotics", "Probiotics for Oral Health: Myth or Reality? [32] Some species, but not all, show evidence in defense to dental caries. Lactobacillus: A bacterium normally found in the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina. [3], Lactobacillus species produce hydrogen peroxide which inhibits the growth and virulence of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo. How Does The Vagina Protect Itself From Chlamydia? [30][31] Some studies have provided evidence of certain Lactobacilli which can be a probiotic for oral health. [21][22] In vitro studies have also shown that Lactobacillus sp. [26] The probiotics help treat IBS by returning homeostasis when the gut microbiota experiences unusually high levels of opportunistic bacteria. Lactobacillus can also live in fermenting products, such as yogurt. [20] According to metabolism, Lactobacillus species can be divided into three groups: The female genital tract is one of the principal colonisation sites for human microbiota, and there is interest in the relationship between the composition of these bacteria and human health, with a domination by a single species being correlated with general welfare and good outcomes in pregnancy. Lactobacillus species administered in combination with other probiotics benefits cases of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), although the extent of efficacy is still uncertain. [23] On the other hand, following antibiotic therapy, certain Candida species can suppress the regrowth of Lactobacillus sp. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of Lactobacillus species rely on production of bacteriocins and low molecular weight compounds that inhibits these microorganisms.[33][34]. [28] In children, Lactobacillus strains such as L. rhamnosus are associated with a reduction of atopic eczema, also known as dermatitis, due to anti-inflammatory cytokines secreted by this probiotic bacteria. Lactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria. [6] Lactobacillus is the most common probiotic found in food such as yogurt, and it is diverse in its application to maintain human well-being, as it can help treat diarrhea, vaginal infections, and skin disorders such as eczema.

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