After a failed coup d'état against Elizabeth I, Robert Devereux was beheaded at the Tower of London on 25 February 1601. His loss of position at court fuelled his sense of mistrust against the Cecil "faction". [6], On 7 February, some of Devereux’s followers went to the Globe Theatre to ask the Lord Chamberlain's Men to stage a special performance of Richard II with the deposition scene included. ( Log Out /  Essex’s ambition had been to direct an anti-Habsburg foreign policy for England while covertly facilitating the accession of James VI of Scotland to the English throne. [3] In this dilemma, Devereux eventually made a truce with Tyrone. "Essex, Robert Devereux, 2nd earl of", Bate, Jonathan (2010). The Queen's obstinacy and lack of progress infuriated Essex. H. C. G. Matthew. On this day in 1601, Robert Devereux, the 2nd Earl of Essex, allegedly led an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the then Queen,  Elizabeth I, and her court, a treasonous act for which he was later tried, convicted and, on February 25th, beheaded (at the Tower of London). Soul of the Age, Random House, New York. Retrieved 3 March 2014. Though Devereux had burnt incriminating evidence to save his followers prior to his arrest, he was convinced by Reverend Abdy Ashton to purge his soul of guilt: in turn Devereux confessed everyone who was involved including his sister Penelope Blount, Countess of Devonshire on whom he put a great deal of the blame, although no action was taken against her. The company was hesitant to perform such a controversial play, but eventually agreed once they were promised a payment of 40 shillings (equivalent to £445 in 2019)[7] "more than their ordinary". [4] Devereux was deprived of his offices in June 1600 and promptly placed under house arrest. The main tensions that led to the rebellion began in 1599, when Devereux was given the position of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. [6], Less than two weeks after the aborted rebellion, Essex and Southampton were tried for treason. 15. This may have made him fearful of assassination attempts and suspicious of a Cecilian policy of seeking peace with Spain. Online. Absent any plan, it was doomed from the start. 1566. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Britannica Inc. pp. Robert Devereux was born on 10 November 1566, the son of Walter Devereux, first earl of Essex, and Lettice Knollys. PLAY. He began to create plans to seize the court by force. Robert Devereux, 2nd earl of Essex, (born Nov. 10, 1567, Netherwood, Herefordshire, Eng.—died Feb. 25, 1601, London), English soldier and courtier famous for his relationship with Queen Elizabeth I (reigned 1558–1603). Cost of fighting Tyrone’s rebellion in Ireland The death of Elizabeth’s chief minister, William Cecil (Lord Burghley) in 1598 resulted in a surge of competition for patronage and places at court. The main tensions that led to the rebellion began in 1599, when Devereux was given the position of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. What reasons discontented the Earl of Essex ? On 25 th February 1601, Robert Devereux, 2 nd Earl of Essex and one-time Viceroy of Ireland, was executed at the Tower of London. Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Oxford University Press: New York, 2004. His time spent as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland proved disastrous to him; his return was in express defiance of the orders of the Queen. Quizlet will be unavailable from 4-5 PM PT. Columbia University Press, Sep. 2013, Web, 28 February 2014, Cannon, J.A. Their goal was to force the Queen to change the leaders in her government, particularly Robert Cecil, even if this attempt meant causing harm to the Queen's people. Essex had earlier been publicly disgraced and politically and financially ruined by being placed under house arrest and removed from his office as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, for  failing to execute Elizabeth’s orders to him to suppress an insurrection in that country (led by the Earls of Tyrone). It was expected that he would crush the rebellion immediately, but Devereux fought a series of inconclusive battles, squandered his funds, and was unable to face the Irish in any sort of engagement. Four of his supporters, Sir Christopher Blount, Sir Henry Cuffe, Sir Charles Danvers and Sir Gelli Meyrick,  were also executed, on March 5th, although all the  others, including the Earl of Southampton, were spared. Once the word traitor was used, many of Devereux's followers disappeared, and none of the citizens joined him as he had expected. On February 7th, 1601 he took a boat from Essex Steps to the “Globe” in Southwark to bribe Shakespeare’s “Lord Chancellor’s Men” to stage a special performance of “Richard II”, overplaying the scene in which the King was deposed, with a view to encouraging support among the watching crowd. Due to his popularity in the city, Essex appealed to the mayor of London for help. When he got there, he found the hostages gone. Instead, the 'Peace-party' led by Burghley monopolised key posts. Davies was allowed to leave, but the other four were executed. [6], Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, "John Erskine Mar, 2d (or 7th) earl of. Essex's Rebellion was an unsuccessful rebellion led by Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, in 1601 against Elizabeth I of England and the court faction led by Sir Robert Cecil to gain further influence at court. What was arguably a significant failure of the end of Elizabeth's reign ? “Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex.” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. The trial lasted only a day, and the guilty verdict was a foregone conclusion. On this day in 1601, Robert Devereux, the 2nd Earl of Essex, allegedly led an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the then Queen, Elizabeth I, and her court, a treasonous act for which he was later tried, convicted and, on February 25th, beheaded (at the Tower of London). Sir Christopher Blount, Sir Gelli Meyrick, Sir Henry Cuffe, Sir John Davies, and Sir Charles Danvers all stood trial for high treason on 5 March 1601 and were all found guilty. The plan began to backfire on the morning of the fateful following day, February 8th, when four of the Queen’s men arrived to arrest him, and he was forced to take them hostage (one of them being Thomas Egerton, the 1st Viscount Brackley, the Lord Keeper). rebellion showed that the most powerful people in England were willing to disrespect her and fight against her. Thus, the Earl of Essex’s rebellion began. It was led by Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex (1566-1601) a man many would have thought the last to rebel against the ageing Queen. Manhajan, Deepti (2014). Change ), The Lost City of London – Before the Great Fire of 1666. [12] Southampton and Henry Neville (died 1615), however, survived the Tower, to be freed upon the accession of James I. [9], Essex and his followers hastily planned the rising. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition "Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex". 1566. robert devereux, earl of essex born. The Queen’s men, under Lord High Admiral Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham, besieged the house. [1], The Earl's London residence, Essex House, became a focal point for people who were upset with Elizabeth’s government. Vol. robert devereux inherited title Earl of Essex when his dad died. Attempted to seize key strategic places in London by force of arms, including Whitehall Palace and the Tower. He was sent to Ireland with the mission of subduing the revolts led by Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, leading one of the largest expeditionary forces ever sent to Ireland. Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, was a charming rogue at his best, and a treacherous schemer at his worst. ", Ebscohost, 6th edition. Richard Cavendish | Published in History Today Volume 51 … The 2nd Earl of Essex, Robert Devereux (1565–1601), was the main leader of Essex's Rebellion in 1601. The Essex's Rebellion. However, he decided to carry   on regardless, and, with some two hundred followers, marched from Essex House upon the City. Politically ambitious, and a committed general, he was placed under house arrest following a poor campaign in Ireland during the Nine Years' War in 1599. Leicester, the Queen 's favorite, was dead and Burghley, her principal adviser, was a … Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex born . Essex Rebellion. (1601) Elizabeth relied more and more on a small clique of advisors; the Cecils, , Lord Burghley and his son Robert, controlled the Privy Council and the treasury. Devereux seized the four messengers and kept them hostage while he and his followers (about 200 people) made their way to the city. It was expected that he would crush the rebellion immediately, but Devereux fought a … The Queen's obstinacy and lack of progress infuriated Essex. STUDY. Hammer, Paul E. J. The Essex Rebellion, 1601. [9], On 25 February 1601, Devereux was beheaded in the confines of the Tower. Hoping to avoid suspicion, Devereux himself was not present. When he was nine his father died, and Robert inherited the title of earl. Elizabeth promoted Robert Cecil as Secretary of State in 1596 as his father, William Cecil was too crippled to continue... Cecil and Essex each began to build up rival factions at court. The Essex Rebellion of 1601 was the second and last major rebellion against Queen Elizabeth I. At this, most of Essex’s  supporters deserted him, and he was forced to return to Essex House, where after a short siege, during which he attempted to destroy any evidence that might incriminate him, he found himself forced to surrender to the Queen’s men (under the  Earl of Nottingham). Devereux, the Earl of Southampton and the other remaining followers were placed under arrest. When  they  arrived at the gates, they met with a hostile reception, having by that time  already been denounced as traitors (by Robert Cecil, the 1st Earl of Salisbury, the  Secretary of State). Instead, the 'Peace-party' led by Burghley monopolised key posts. [10] Meanwhile, Robert Cecil sent a warning to the mayor and the heralds denouncing Devereux as a traitor. 1573. On his best behaviour, he became a firm favourite with an ageing Queen Elizabeth I, but Elizabeth, ever cautious, never let him presume too far upon her favour. [11] The government were concerned about sympathy for the Earl on the occasion and took care to brief the preacher at Paul's Cross (William Barlow) on how to address the Earl's confession and execution. -He favoured military action against Spain, however Elizabeth did not, which meant that Essex couldn't gain seats on the Privy or at court for his allies. There were no large-scale executions, however; the other members of the conspiracy were fined. The main tensions that led to the rebellion began in 1599, when Devereux was given the position of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He spent further time sending letters in an attempt to gain permission to do so. Print. The fact that it had happened in the capital, close to the centre of power, and that number of noblemen had joined Essex. Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, KG, PC (/ ˈdɛvəˌruː /; 10 November 1565 – 25 February 1601), was an English nobleman and a favourite of Elizabeth I. Just a few days later Augustine Phillips, the spokesman for Shakespeare’s company the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, was keen to distance them from the event when he was called to give evidence: The 2nd Earl of Essex, Robert Devereux (1565–1601), was the main leader of Essex's Rebellion in 1601. This truce was seen as a disgrace to England and a detriment to the authority of those in power. [2] He was sent to Ireland with the mission of subduing the revolts led by Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, leading one of the largest expeditionary forces ever sent to Ireland. Essex's rebellion was bout power and influence. At about 10 am the next morning (8 February), Lord Keeper Thomas Egerton and three others came to Essex in the name of the Queen. On 3 February 1601, five of the conspiracy leaders met at Drury House, the lodging of the Earl of Southampton. towards end of reign, faced a rebellion led by a former potential husband- Earl of Essex. This page was last edited on 1 August 2020, at 11:04. He had lost his chance to take the court by surprise, so he fell back on his scheme to rouse the city of London in his favour with the claim that Elizabeth’s government had planned to murder him and had sold out England to Spain.

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