Hay, E.D. The growth factors present in basal cells of limbal epithelium (epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), keratinocyte growth factor receptor (KGF-R), and neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (TrkA)) [21] and proteins associated with cellular metabolic functions which are found in higher concentrations in basal cells of epithelium (Na/K-ATPase, cytochrome oxidase, carbonic anhydrase, alpha-enolase, cyclin D, cyclin E, cyclin A, metallothioneins, and PKC-gamma) may play an important role in LESC metabolism and function [21]. FASEB J 2005;19:1371–1373. [37], BMSCs are multipotent and can differentiate into cells with ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal origin.[38][39]. Majo F, Rochat A, Nicolas M, Jaoude GA, Barrandon Y. Oligopotent stem cells are distributed throughout the mammalian ocular surface. The long term outcome of limbal allografts: the search for surviving cells. Treatment of leg ulcers with cryopreserved allogeneic cultured epithelium: a multicenter study. ... Fuchs' dystrophy: This inherited condition causes a slow breakdown of endothelial cells and the swelling of the cornea. This treatment has been approved by regulatory authorities and is now in full practice in Europe. N Engl J Med 2000;343:86 –93. In the long term, these treated keratocytes should be able to take over and compensate for the defect created by patients with keratocytes, restoring the thickness of the cornea. Mol Cell 1998;2:305-316, 15. So far, most studies have worked on presenting new materials and biochemical approaches in corneal wound healing and regeneration, while putting accent on physical properties of these approaches could be a leap in this area. NEW! Arch Ophthalmol. Pellegrini G, Traverso CE, Franzi AT, et al. Reconstruction of chemically burned rat corneal surface by bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993;34:2672-2679, 16. Transplantation 1999;68:868-879, 19. Two patients experienced serious adverse events, one with corneal perforation and the other with massive graft rejection. Location and clonal analysis of stem cells and their differentiated progeny in the human ocular surface. Patients should have some undamaged limbal stem cells remaining in one of their eyes for extraction and injection into the damaged eye. 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