EM: early morning sample. 12 0 obj As the degree of immune suppression increases, the risk of developing TB disease also increases. endobj EM: early morning. Further, there has been an increase in rates of drug resistant tuberculosis, including multidrug (MDR-TB) and extensively drug resistant TB (XDRTB), which are difficult to treat and contribute to increased mortality, this is due to the poor performance of sputum smear microscopy in HIV-infected patients, newer diagnostic tests are urgently required that are not only sensitive and specific but easy to use in remote and resource-constrained settings (Mycobacterial culture is a sensitive but slow way to diagnose TB. Written informed consent was sought from all participants before recruitment. The ability of the organism to efficiently establish latent infection has enabled it to spread to nearly one-third of individuals worldwide. 5 0 obj Ziehl-Neelsen method: Upon air drying, the slides were heat fixed with flame from Bunsen burner while on the staining rack spacing one from another with a distance of one centimeter. After health talk on the patient on how to produce the sample, wide mouth container with a leak tie prove was often given. In 2017, 10 million people were infected with tuberculosis and 1.6 million died from the disease. As compared to people without HIV, people living with HIV (PLWH) have a 20-fold higher risk of developing TB [6] and the risk continues to increase as CD4 cell counts progressively decline [5]. Xpert was positive for M. tuberculosis in 86.4% (76/88) of culture-positive and 14.3% (7/49) of culture-negative cases. Review articles are excluded from this waiver policy. This prospective study was carried out at Kade Government Hospital in the Eastern Region by trained biomedical scientists. Table 1: Prevalence of tuberculosis using Ziehl-Neelsen in relation to age groups and gender in Benin city. The prevalence of M. tuberculosis in some selected people living with HIV in Edo state of Nigeria was found to be 62.1% with Genexpert as compared to 41.6% by Microscopy technique. 4 0 obj There should be a consideration in using GeneXpert MTB/RIF as a point of care TB testing tool among high risk groups. Both male and female patients of all ages except age 0-6 years were enrolled for the study. They were decolorized with 25% sulphuric acid for 5 minutes, rinsed with water, and drained. Organization WH, “Global tuberculosis report 2018,” Tech. Elsewhere, Stella et al. The human host serves as the natural reservoir for M. tuberculosis. The results for the t-test indicate that at 95% confidence level the P value was 0.00 for both methods. This agrees with a study carried out by Myneedu et al. Tuberculosis is the most common opportunistic infection (OI) among HIV-infected individuals, and co-infected individuals are at high risk of death [4]. Ochei Kingsley Chinedum1, Adagbonyin Emwiomwan2, Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi3* and Aminu Babayi1, 1Family Health International (FHI 360) Country Office, Garki-Abuja, Nigeria, 2Central Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, 3Diagnostic Laboratory Unit, Department of Health Services, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria, Received date: November 25, 2017; Accepted date: December 19, 2017; Published date: December 23, 2017. Furthermore, smear microscopy is known to be less sensitive in HIV-associated tuberculosis, and interventions which could increase this sensitivity are needed. << /Length 22 0 R Both fluorescence and ZN staining techniques showed a positive correlation with Xpert MTB/RIF diagnostic technique; however, fluorescent staining had a stronger correlation compared to ZN staining (kappa=0.864, p≤0.001 versus kappa=0.584, p≤0.001). << /D [ 3 0 R /XYZ null 713.72974 null ] The performance of Xpert MTB/RIF technique was compared withZiehl- Neelsentechnique, out of the 181 persons, 148 were smear negative (81.8%) and 33 were smear positive (18.2%), while for the Genexpert MTB/RIF technique, 115 (63.5%) were MTB not detected (negative), 59 (32.6%) MTB detected, RIF resistance not detected and RIF resistance detected, 4 (2.2%) error and 3 (1.7%) incomplete.
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