Ginther OJ, Wiltbank MC, Fricke PM, Gibbons JR, Kot K. Sunderland SJ, Crowe MA, Boland MP, Roche JF, Ireland JJ. Follicular maturation is characterized by the proliferation and marked functional differentiation of granulosa and theca cells. A similar increase in lipid droplets was observed when mesenchymal stem cells were forced to differentiate into androgen-producing cells (unpublished results). On the other hand, when the cells were isolated from large follicles (15–18 mm), theca cells increased these levels to 253 ± 34%, 156 ± 24%, and 287 ± 45%, respectively. Savion N, Lui G, Laherty R, Gospodarowicz D. Bendell JJ, Lobb DK, Chuma A, Gysler M, Dorrington JH. For exploration of the effect of granulosa cells on theca cell functions, granulosa cells were plated onto a collagen membrane on the first day of culture. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Hormonal production by the granulosa cells from large follicles was significantly augmented by the presence of theca cells from small follicles (Table 1). We have demonstrated that Sc are less capable of androgen biosynthesis in vitro when compared to TCs but are nonresponsive to hCG in vitro unless cocultured with GCs. In coculture dishes, inhibin was detected in the granulosa cell- but not in the theca cell-conditioned medium, and no difference was detected in estradiol, progesterone, or androstenedione concentrations between the media in the apical and basal chambers. [8], Analysis by RNA-Seq pinpointed a series of differentially expressed genes, involved in cytokine and hormone signaling and cell division-related processes. We also thank Mikiko Misawa for excellent technical assistance. From this point on, the corpus luteum is called the corpus luteum graviditatis. From these observations, we speculate that the theca factor(s) is crucial in restraining the differentiation of granulosa cells in the early stage of follicular maturation in vivo and that elimination of the effects of theca cells produces the luteinization of cells when they are cultured in vitro. However, it is possible that this might be mediated through secretion and action of small molecules (<12.5 kDa; based on the membrane pore size). For transmission electron microscopy, the ovarian stromal cells were stained in 2% uranyl acetate solution before dehydration and were embedded in Araldite. The mechanism(s) producing the change in the granulosa cell response to the theca factor(s) during follicular development process remains to be investigated. 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