The archipelago extends for 160 miles (257 km) between San Miguel Island in the north and San Clemente Island in the south. The islands were first colonized as early as 13,000 years ago, the earliest paleontological evidence of humans in North America. The Arlington Springs Man was discovered in 1960 at Arlington Springs on Santa Rosa Island. Two breeds of livestock, the Santa Cruz sheep and the San Clemente Island goat originate from here. His remains were exposed by beach erosion, and were preserved by University of Oregon archaeologists. Canine distemper is thought to have been brought to the islands on a stowaway raccoon or a domestic dog. Park visitors are encouraged to see and experience these amazing resources, but must leave them in place undisturbed. Protecting Archeological Resources [32] Although there is a no-take policy, tourists are allowed to visit and observe the beautiful biodiversity. The islands attract around 70,000 tourists a year, mostly during the summer. Archaeological resources at Channel Islands National Park represent an important aspect of the scientific and cultural significance of the park. “Our goal is to preserve both of these important and irreplaceable cultural resources found in the park.” [29] The birds ingest contaminated fish and seabirds which poisons the adults and weakens their eggs. Seabirds, including the western gulls, bald eagles, pigeon guillemots, and Scripps's murrelets use the islands as well for shelter and breeding grounds. [22], Invasive species, such as the Australian blue gum tree, olive tree, sweet fennel, and Harding grass, threaten native species through competition for light, nutrients, and water. [11][27] Introduced pathogens have devastated island species due to isolation from the mainland. The base was shut down in March 1963, when the 669th was moved to Vandenberg AFB In Lompoc, California. Native Americans used naturally occurring tar, bitumen, for a variety of purposes which include roofing, waterproofing, paving and some ceremonial purposes.[6]. [5] Tar balls or pieces of tar in small numbers are found in the kelp and on the beaches. An NPS archaeological team, in consultation with the Chumash, is conducting careful test excavations in the vicinity of the ranch house to determine the nature, extent, and integrity of the deposits. “The northern Channel Islands have one of the largest and most significant clusters of early coastal sites in the Americas with more than 100 sites over 7,500 years old,” said Jon Erlandson, University of Oregon Archeologist and leading expert on Paleocoastal archaeology. Several endemic reptile and amphibian species including the island fence lizard, island night lizard, and Channel Islands slender salamander live on the islands. Santa Rosa Island is also the location of the discovery of Arlington Man, the oldest known human remains found in North America, dating to about over 13,000 years ago. Historically, the northern islands were occupied by the island Chumash, while the southern islands were occupied by the Tongva. From years 2003-2013, the MPA network implemented caused fish species to increase in biomass in terms of both size, numbers, and weight per area. (editor), Todd J. Braje, Julia G. Costello, Jon M. Erlandson, John R. Johnson, Don P. Morris, Jennifer E. Perry, and Torben C. Rick (2014).
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