By 1643–44, the developing army numbered only 5,500 troops, including 500 musketeers in Frederick William's bodyguard. There was also a blank cartridge developed for the needle-gun. The General Staff was camouflaged as a non-descript Truppenamt (troop office), while the War Academy was replaced with decentralized divisional schools. Between this inner lining and the outer case was the powder charge, consisting of 4.8 g (74 grains) of black powder.[9]. After a series of complicated formations and deployments hidden from the Austrians, the Prussians successfully struck their enemy's flank at Leuthen, with Friedrich once again directing the battle; the Austrian position in the province collapsed, resulting in a Prussian victory even more impressive than the one at Rossbach. [5] The name "Zündnadelgewehr"/"needle-gun" comes from its needle-like firing pin, which passed through the paper cartridge case to strike a percussion cap at the bullet base. [51] The Franco-Prussian treaty of 1812 forced Prussia to provide 20,000 troops to Napoleon's Grande Armée, first under the leadership of Grawert and then under Yorck. The Hohenzollern state often had fewer resources and manpower than its rivals, and thus the Prussians focused on quickly achieving a decisive victory to avoid a war of attrition. [41] Clausewitz assisted with the reorganization as well. The generals of the army were completely overhauled — of the 143 Prussian generals in 1806, only Blücher and Tauentzien remained by the Sixth Coalition;[44] many were allowed to redeem their reputations in the war of 1813. The liberal and middle-class Landwehr was thus subordinated in favor of the regular army, which was composed mostly of peasantry loyal to the Hohenzollern monarchy and conservative Junkers. The Dreyse needle-gun (German Zündnadelgewehr, which translates roughly as "ignition needle rifle"[4]) was a military breechloading rifle. The remainder were foreign (both German and non-German) volunteers or conscripts. [50] The army reform movement was cut short by Scharnhorst's death in 1813. [86] Moltke wanted a quick campaign in Bohemia against Austria so that Russia or France would not become involved in the Austro-Prussian war. The Austrian Army had been reformed by Kaunitz, and the improvements showed in their success over Prussia at Kolin. He created the Krümpersystem, by which companies replaced 3–5 men monthly, allowing up to 60 extra men to be trained annually per company. In the actual event of the first world war; on the Western Front, the German advance stalled into trench warfare after the First Battle of the Marne.
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